Cellular+Respiration

Chapter 9- "Cellular Respiration"


 * Cellular Respiration:** Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.


 * Aerobic:** Processes that require oxygen.
 * Anaerobic:** Processes that do not require oxygen.


 * Aerobic equation vs. Photosynthesis equation:**
 * Photosynthesis-** 6CO2 + 6H2O ---> (sunlight) C6H12O6 + 6O2
 * Aerobic-** 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

- The first set of reactions in cellular respiration. - During glycolysis one molecule of glucose is transformed into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid. - 2 ATP -NAD+ - 4 ATP - 2 NADH
 * Glycolysis:** The breakdown of glucose, takes place in the cytoplasm.
 * The ingredients:**
 * -** glucose
 * The Products:**
 * -** 2 pyruvic acids



-During the Krebs Cycle the pyruvic acid that was created during glycolysis, is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. -This is the second stage of cellular respiration -Takes place in the mitochondria -Pyruvic acid -NAD+ -FAD+ -Carbon dioxide -NADH -FADH2 -2 ATP
 * The Krebs Cycle (The Citric Acid Cycle):**
 * The ingredients:**
 * The Products:**



-Uses the high energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP into ATP. -Takes place in the mitochondria. -NADH -FADH2 -O2 -About 36 ATP -H2O
 * The Electron Transport Chain:**
 * The ingredients:**
 * The Products:**



Pyruvic acid + NADH ---> Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
 * Fermentation:** In the absence of oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP.
 * Alcoholic Fermentation:** Used to produce alcoholic beverages, and causes bread to rise.



Pyruvic acid + NADH ---> Lactic acid + NAD+
 * Lactic Acid Fermentation:** During brief periods without oxygen, many of the cells in our bodies are capable of producing ATP by lactic acid fermentation. The cells best adapted to doing that, however, are muscle cells, which often need very large supplies of ATP for rapid bursts of energy. If you experience lactic acid fermentation you feel intense pain and cramps in your large muscles, such as legs, and arms.



Bibliography: http://09chris.weebly.com/glycolysis.html http://www.ethanol-still-plans.com/fermentation.htm http://altmed.creighton.edu/Parkinsons/cq10.htm http://www.biomatrixone.com/support_minerals.html http://dolly.biochem.arizona.edu/Bioc462b_Honors_Spring_2009/ksamsel/glycolysis%20thumb.html